For this, he conducted electrolysis of caustic soda which resulted in the pure form of sodium for the first time in science. Intrigued by his discovery of the electrical nature of the chemical bonding, Sir Davy came up with the idea that he could use this electricity for isolating the chemical elements from the compounds. In 1807, the English chemist Sir Humphry Davy (1778 – 1829) became the first scientist who succeeded in preparing elemental sodium. Sodium metals float in water due to their extremely low density. This chemical reaction also produces sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. In contact with water, sodium creates an extremely volatile reaction that results in an explosion that releases a large amount of heat. This member of the alkali metals family of elements has an electronegativity of 0.9 according to Pauling, whereas the atomic radius according to van der Waals is 0.196 nm. Even though the density of alkali metals increases with the increase of the atomic number, sodium has a higher density in comparison to potassium. It also emits a brilliant yellow flame in the reaction with any of the major air components: nitrogen (N 2 ), oxygen (O 2 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), water (H 2 O). When exposed to air, sodium metal tarnishes and the substance loses its silvery luster. With the periodic table symbol Na, atomic number 11, atomic mass of 22.990 (23) g.mol -1, and electron configuration 3s 1, sodium is soft, easily malleable, silvery-white metal with a bright luster that can be dented with any harder object. The energy of the first ionization: 495.7 kJ.mol -1ĭiscovery date: In 1807 by Sir Humphry Davy Half-life: From 1.3(4)×10 −21 seconds to 2.605 yearsĮlectronegativity according to Pauling: 0.9 Physical state: Solid at room temperature The symbol in the periodic table of elements: NaĪtomic weight (mass): 22.990 (23) g.mol -1Ĭolor: A silvery-white alkali metal with a bright luster Fact Box Chemical and Physical Properties of Sodium Being an essential nutrient responsible for the transmission of the sensory impulses between the cells of our body, high sodium levels in the blood may damage cellular metabolism, cause high blood pressure, and cardiovascular diseases. Sodium chloride (or table salt) is the most common compound of this chemical element. Being a member of the alkali metals family of the periodic table, this monoisotopic element has one valence electron that makes it one of the most reactive elements in the periodic table. It’s the fourth most abundant element and comprises around 2.6% of Earth’s crust. Sodium is a chemical element with atomic number 11 in the periodic table.
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